chem301

Chemistry

Medium Exam Preparation: Unknown
Subject Code Che . 201
Credit Hours 5 Hours
Nature Theory + Practical
Full Marks 75 + 25
Pass Marks 30 + 10
Description

Objective

Course Contents

Foundation and Fundamentals

2 Hours

General introduction of chemistry, Importance and scope of chemistry, Basic concepts of chemistry (atoms, molecules, relative masses of atoms and molecules, atomic mass unit (amu), radicals, molecular formula, empirical formula), Percentage composition from molecular formula

Stoichiometry

8 Hours

Dalton’s atomic theory and its postulates, Laws of stoichiometry, Avogadro’s law and some deductions, Molecular mass and vapour density, Molecular mass and volume of gas, Molecular mass and no. of particles, Mole and its relation with mass, volume and number of particles, Calculations based on mole concept, Limiting reactant and excess reactant, Theoretical yield, experimental yield and % yield, Calculation of empirical and molecular formula from % composition (Solving related numerical problems)

Atomic Structure

8 Hours

Rutherford's atomic model, Limitations of Rutherford's atomic model, Postulates of Bohr’s atomic model and its application, Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Defects of Bohr’s theory, Elementary idea of quantum mechanical model: de Broglie's wave equation, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle, Concept of probability, Quantum Numbers, Orbitals and shape of s and p orbitals only, Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule and electronic configurations of atoms and ions (up to atomic no. 30)

Classification of elements and Periodic Table

5 Hours

Modern periodic law and modern periodic table, Classification of elements into different groups, periods and blocks, IUPAC classification of elements, Nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge, Periodic trend and periodicity, Atomic radii, Ionic radii, Ionization energy, Electron affinity, Electronegativity, Metallic characters (General trend and explanation only)

Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

9 Hours

Valence shell, valence electron and octet theory, Ionic bond and its properties, Covalent bond and coordinate covalent bond, Properties of covalent compounds, Lewis dot structure of some common compounds of s and p block elements, Resonance, VSEPR theory and shapes of some simple molecules (BeF2, BF3, CH4, CH3Cl, PCl5, SF6, H2O, NH3, CO2, H2S, PH3), Elementary idea of Valence Bond Theory, Hybridization involving s and p orbitals only, Bond characteristics: Bond length, Ionic character, Dipole moment, Vander Waal’s force and molecular solids, Hydrogen bonding and its application, Metallic bonding and properties of metallic solids

Oxidation and Reduction

5 Hours

General and electronic concept of oxidation and reduction, Oxidation number and rules for assigning oxidation number, Balancing redox reactions by oxidation number and ion-electron (half reaction) method, Electrolysis: Qualitative aspect, Electrolysis: Quantitative aspect (Faradays laws of electrolysis)

States of Matter

8 Hours

Gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gas and its postulates, Gaseous state: Gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles', Avogadro's, Combined gas equation, Dalton's law of partial pressure, Graham's law of diffusion), Gaseous state: Ideal gas and ideal gas equation, Gaseous state: Universal gas constant and its significance, Gaseous state: Deviation of real gas from ideality (Solving related numerical problems based on gas laws), Liquid state: Physical properties of liquids (Evaporation, condensation, Vapour pressure, boiling point, Surface tension, viscosity (qualitative idea only)), Liquid state: Liquid crystals and their applications, Solid state: Types of solids (Amorphous and crystalline solids), Solid state: Efflorescent, Deliquescent and Hygroscopic solids, Solid state: Crystallization and crystal growth, Solid state: Water of crystallization, Solid state: Introduction to unit crystal lattice and unit cell

Chemical equilibrium

3 Hours

Physical and chemical equilibrium, Dynamic nature of chemical equilibrium, Law of mass action, Expression for equilibrium constant and its importance, Relationship between Kp and Kc, Le Chatelier’s Principle (Numericals not required)

Chemistry of Non-metals

17 Hours

Hydrogen: Chemistry of atomic and nascent hydrogen, Isotopes of hydrogen and their uses, Application of hydrogen as fuel, Heavy water and its applications (4 hours), Allotropes of Oxygen: Definition of allotropy and examples, Types of oxides (acidic, basic, neutral, amphoteric, peroxide and mixed oxides), Applications of hydrogen peroxide, Medical and industrial application of oxygen (4 hours), Ozone: Occurrence, Preparation of ozone from oxygen, Structure of ozone, Test for ozone, Ozone layer depletion (causes, effects and control measures), Uses of ozone (4 hours), Nitrogen: Reason for inertness of nitrogen and active nitrogen, Chemical properties of ammonia, Applications of ammonia, Harmful effects of ammonia, Oxy-acids of nitrogen (name and formula), Chemical properties of nitric acid, Ring test for nitrate ion (5 hours), Halogens: General characteristics, Comparative study on preparation, properties and uses of halogens (Cl2, Br2 and I2), Comparative study on preparation, properties and uses of haloacids (HCl, HBr and HI) (5 hours), Carbon: Allotropes of carbon (crystalline and amorphous) including fullerenes (structure, general properties and uses only), Properties and uses of carbon monoxide (3 hours), Phosphorus: Allotropes of phosphorus (name only), Preparation, properties and uses of phosphine (3 hours), Sulphur (5 hours)

Laboratory Works