Physics
Course Contents
Thermodynamic systems, Work done during volume change, Heat and work; Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic processes: Adiabatic, isochoric, isothermal and isobaric, Heat capacities of an ideal gas at constant pressure and volume and relation between them, Isothermal and Adiabatic processes for an ideal gas.
Thermodynamic systems and direction of thermodynamic processes, Second law of thermodynamics, Heat engines, Internal combustion engines: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle; Carnot cycle, Refrigerator, Entropy and disorder (introduction only)
Speed of wave motion; Velocity of sound in solid and liquid, Velocity of sound in gas, Laplace’s correction, Effect of temperature, pressure, humidity on velocity of sound.
Stationary waves in closed and open pipes, Harmonics and overtones in closed and open organ pipes, End correction in pipes, Velocity of transverse waves along a stretched string, Vibration of string and overtones, Laws of vibration of fixed string.
Sound waves: Pressure amplitude, Characteristics of sound: Intensity; loudness, quality and pitch, Doppler’s effect.
Huygen’s principle, Reflection and Refraction according to wave theory
Diffraction from a single slit, Diffraction pattern of image; Diffraction grating, Resolving power of optical instruments.
Phenomenon of polarization, Brewster’s law; transverse nature of light, Polaroid.
Kirchhoff’s law, Wheatstone bridge circuit; Meter bridge, Potentiometer: Comparison of e.m.f., measurement of internal resistances of a cell, Super conductors; Perfect conductors, Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter; Ohmmeter, Joule’s law
Seebeck effect; Thermocouples, Peltier effect: Variation of thermoelectric e.m.f. with temperature; Thermopile
Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux; Oersted’s experiment, Force on moving charge; Force on a conductor, Force and Torque on rectangular coil, Moving coil galvanometer, Hall effect, Magnetic field of a moving charge, Biot and Savart law and its application to (i) a circular coil (ii) a long straight conductor (iii) a long solenoid, Ampere’s law and its applications to (i) a long straight conductor (ii) a straight solenoid (iii) a toroidal solenoid, Force between two parallel conductors carrying current- definition of ampere
Magnetic field lines and magnetic flux, Flux density in magnetic material; Relative permeability; Susceptibility, Hysteresis, Dia,-para- and ferro-magnetic materials.
Faraday’s laws; Induced electric fields, Lenz’s law, Motional electromotive force, A.C. generators; Eddy currents, Self-inductance and mutual inductance, Energy stored in an inductor, Transformer.
Peak and rms value of AC current and voltage, AC through a resistor, a capacitor and an inductor, Phasor diagram, Series circuits containing combination of resistance, capacitance and inductance, Series resonance, quality factor, Power in AC circuits: power factor
Milikan’s oil drop experiment, Motion of electron beam in electric and magnetic fields, Thomson’s experiment to determine specific charge of electrons
Quantum nature of radiation, Einstein’s photoelectric equation; Stopping potential, Measurement of Plank’s constant
P-N Junction, Semiconductor diode: Characteristics in forward and reverse bias, Full wave rectification, Logic gates; NOT, OR, AND, NAND and NOR.
Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom, Spectral series; Excitation and ionization potentials, Energy level; Emission and absorption spectra, De Broglie Theory; Duality, Uncertainly principle, X-rays: Nature and production; uses, X-rays diffraction, Bragg’s law.
Alpha-particles; Beta-particles, Gamma rays, Laws of radioactive disintegration, Half-life, mean-life and decay constant, Geiger-Muller Tube, Carbon dating, Medical use of nuclear radiation and possible health hazard.